Simulation of thermal barrier coating spallation induced by the initiation/growth/coalescence of internal crack and interfacial crack based on a real image model

In the furnace cycle test, the growth of oxide film leads to the propagation and coalescence of multiple cracks near the interface, which should be responsible for the spallation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A TBC model with real interface morphology is created, and the near-interface large pore is retained. The purpose of this work is to clarify the mechanism of TBC spallation caused by successive initiation, propagation, and linkage of cracks near the interface during thermal cycle. The dynamic growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) is carried out by applying a stress-free strain. The crack nucleation and arbitrary path propagation in YSZ and TGO are simulated by the extended finite element method (XFEM). The debonding along the YSZ/TGO/BC interface is evaluated using a surface-based cohesive behavior. The large-scale pore in YSZ near the interface can initiate a new crack. The ceramic crack can propagate to the YSZ/TGO interface, which will accelerate the interfacial damage and debonding. For the TGO/BC interface, the normal compressive stress and small shear stress at the valley hinder the further crack propagation. The growth of YSZ crack and the formation of through-TGO crack are the main causes of TBC delamination. The accelerated BC oxidation increases the lateral growth strain of TGO, which will promote crack propagation and coalescence. The optimization design proposed in this work can provide another option for developing TBC with high durability.     

我国中空吹塑行业发展现状及“十四五”期间重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向

从原料、中空成型机和吹塑工艺等方面介绍了我国中空吹塑行业发展现状，并对电子化学品专用超洁净桶、高压储氢四型瓶、全电动中空成型机、微发泡中空成型技术和挤吹聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）容器等在“十四五”期间的重点产品、工艺和设备发展方向进行了展望。     

超厚板TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头应力腐蚀敏感性

针对100 mm超厚板TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头，采用慢应变速率拉伸方法评价接头在人造海水中的应力腐蚀敏感性，分析接头的显微组织和断口形貌，对接头的腐蚀机制进行研究. 结果表明，室温条件下应变速率为ε=1×10-6 s-1时，母材在海水中未表现出应力腐蚀敏感性；焊缝上部、中部和下部具有轻微应力腐蚀敏感性. 焊缝在海水中发生阳极溶解，产生氢吸附，导致裂纹的萌生. 同时氢扩散诱导α'相界及α'相内发生位错塞积，进而使裂纹在更低的应力水平下发生扩展.     

激光刻痕对取向电工钢磁畴和铁损的影响

为了研究激光刻痕工艺参数对取向电工钢表面的磁畴形貌、刻痕线宽度和铁损的影响规律，开展了激光刻痕工艺试验。结果表明，激光刻痕后取向电工钢表面的磁畴宽度明显细化，且随着输入电流的增加，磁畴宽度先减小后增大；刻痕线宽度随着输入电流的增加而增大。对于本次试验样品，通过对比分析，确定最佳激光刻痕工艺参数为电流为 12 A，激光频率为 5 kHz，刻痕速度为 800 mm/s，该参数下铁损改善率可达 11.81%。     

基于时空的弱点状运动目标检测技术

如何在复杂背景下持续有效地检测目标位置,一直是研究者们需要面对的主要挑战。本文在研究红外点状移动目标特征的基础上,根据目标无纹理,无形状的特性,提出一种改进的形态学目标增强算法,并利用目标连续时空不变性检测目标。首先,建立多尺度的图像金字塔,在每层上采用改进的形态学算法快速、粗糙定位小目标。然后进一步的根据目标在时空上的位置相关性,提出基于目标运动特征分析的精确检测方法。得到精确稳定的检测结果。最后实验结果表明与经典的形态学检测算法及其他算法相比,该技术能更有效地检测弱小目标,具有更高的鲁棒性。     

Template-assisted spray-drying method for the fabrication of porous particles with tunable structures

Developing strategies for the production of porous particles with controllable structures using a spray-drying method has attracted attention of researchers for decades. Although many papers have reported their successful production of porous particles using this method, information on how to create and control the porous structures as well as what parameters involving and what formation mechanism occurring during the synthesis process are still not clear. To meet these demands, the present review covers strategies in the spray-drying developments for the fabrication of porous particles with controllable structure. This information is important for optimizing the production of porous particles with desirable properties. Regulation of process conditions and precursor formulations are also explained, including composition, type, and physicochemical properties of droplet and raw components used (i.e., host component, template, and solvent). The electrostatic interactions between the individual components and the droplets are also presented, while this information tends to be neglected in the conventional spray-drying process. To clarify how the porous particles are designed, current experimental results completed with illustrations for the proposal particle formation mechanism are presented. The review also completed with the opportunities and potential roles of the changing porous structures in practical uses. This review would provide information on how to produce porous particles that can be used for advanced functional materials, such as catalysts, adsorbents, and sensors.     

The 3-dimensional morphology of dendrite during equiaxed solidification of an Al-5 wt.% Cu alloy

In a sample quenched during equiaxed solidification of an Al-5 wt.% Cu alloy, the multi-scales 3-dimensional morphology of equiaxed dendrite was observed. The slim primary stem and secondary branches constitute the frame of dendrite, and rows of dense tertiary branches further divide the 3-dimensional space. In the divided space, the quartic branches grow further. The dendritic branches,which are perpendicular to each other, can change their growth directions and coalesce into a whole. In the tertiary branches and quartic branches, the formation of double branch structures is induced by competitive growth. The branch that wins in the competitive growth will produce a cabbage-like structure by wrapping the failed branches. In addition, the side branch can also wrap the original parent branch to produce cabbage-like structures. Depending on the historical growth direction, the dendritic arms can form vein-like and spicate structures, and the shapes of single dendritic arm may be the cylinder, plate and trapezoid platform. According to the compositions and etching morphology, the single dendritic arm in the final solidification structures should coalesce from a fine porous structure. The porous structures at different length-scales are principally induced by the preferential growth. Based on 3-dimensional morphology of equiaxed dendrite, a new research object for the investigation of microsegregation was suggested.     

Experimental investigation of different morphology textured ceramic tools by in-situ formed for the dry cutting

Surface texture is considered an important measure to improve the cutting performance of a tool. In this study, we have prepared three types of textured and conventional tools on the rake face by an in-situ formed method. During the experiment, the best parameters of three types of textured tools were selected for dry cutting AISI 1045 steel at different cutting speeds. Cutting forces, cutting temperatures, workpiece surface roughness, and tool wear were measured during the cutting process. The results showed that textured tools have significantly reduced cutting force, cutting temperature, and tool wear, and the roughness of the workpiece was improved compared with the conventional tool. The micro-pit texture tool has less stress contact region than the micro-groove width texture tool, but the micro-groove width texture tool exhibiting the best cutting performance. This investigation clearly showed that the textured tool prepared by the in-situ formed method has improved cutting performance.     

电磁场作用下球形磁极辅助研磨弯管内表面研究

弯管弯曲成形后,在弯折处易产生微裂纹、褶皱等表面质量缺陷问题。本文通过采用六自由度机械手拖动电磁场发生装置沿加工轨迹往复运动,电磁场发生装置驱动球形辅助磁极绕管件内壁转动,实现了对弯管内表面的光整加工。在此基础上,通过对弯管轮廓采集及曲线拟合,重新构建了弯管中心线并转换为新的研磨加工轨迹。采用超景深3D电子显微镜和触针式表面粗糙度测量仪对研磨试验前后弯管内表面的形貌和粗糙度进行了对比分析。结果表明,通过重新构建研磨加工轨迹,试验装置有效解决了研磨弯折处的干涉与研磨不均匀等问题。研磨55 min后,表面粗糙度由原始的0.713μm降低到0.194μm,铜合金弯管内表面原始质量缺陷基本去除,表面纹理较为致密均匀。该方法有效避免了未规划研磨轨迹时出现的犁耕等纹理缺陷,提高了弯管的服役可靠性。     

C8 BTBT薄膜结晶形貌及OTFT器件性能研究

以p型共轭有机小分子2,7二辛基[1]苯并噻吩并[3,2‐b]苯并噻吩(C8‐BTBT)作为底栅顶接触有机薄膜晶体管(OTFT)的有源层,采用浸渍提拉法、喷墨打印法和真空蒸镀法三种制备工艺,探究半导体薄膜载流子迁移率与结晶形貌的关系,发现不同工艺下有机小分子呈现出不同的生长行为和结晶情况,在很大程度上决定了OTFT器件性能的优劣;此外,通过XRD分析研究了退火处理对C8‐BTBT结晶的影响。结果表明,真空蒸镀制备的薄膜具有更高的结晶度、衬底覆盖率高,并且呈现出SK(Stranski‐Krastanov)模式的结晶生长特征,相应器件中陷阱密度最低,迁移率高达5.44 cm^2·V^-1·s^-1,开关比超过106;且退火处理会严重破坏C8‐BTBT薄膜的结晶。因此,控制半导体层的生长行为,提升半导体层的覆盖率和结晶度是制备高性能共轭小分子OTFT器件的有效途径。